Overview and reflection on the development of the first batch of the inheritance studios of acupuncture and moxibustion academic schools / 中国针灸

The development status of the first 11 inheritance studios of acupuncture and moxibustion academic schools is summarized. Aiming at the current problems, it is suggested to establish qualitative and quantitative evaluation standards and establish a fair and reasonable evaluation system, build a systematic scientific theory and excavate the inherent laws of the schools, implement standardized management of the schools and protect the personalized characteristics of the schools, open outpatient clinic of acupuncture and moxibustion schools and promote the characteristic diagnosis and treatment technology, to promote the inheritance and development of acupuncture and moxibustion academic schools.

Brief introduction of Qilu modern acupuncture methods / 中国针灸

Qilu acupuncture and moxibustion has promoted the formation and development of traditional Chinese medicine, which has a special historical position. By systematically collecting, sorting out and summarizing the characteristic acupuncture methods and academic ideas of several Qilu acupuncturists since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the understanding of the advantages and characteristics of Qilu modern acupuncture methods is deepened, aiming to exploring the inheritance and development pattern of Qilu acupuncture methods in the new era.

Discussion on the theory of / 中国针灸

By collecting and analyzing the explanation/conception, acupoint name, acupoint location, indications, acupuncture and moxibustion techniques and contraindications of

Exploration of new teaching mode of based on three-dimensional practice platform / 中国针灸

The new teaching mode of based on the practice platform was explored so as to promote the mutual benefits for both teaching and learning. As the basic course of acupuncture-moxibustion and specialty, is the core theoretical and practical course. Through the establishment of on-campus practice platforms, e.g. the Technique Association of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and , physical therapy room of acupuncture-moxibustion and and the practical platform for promoting outside-campus medical service, in accordance with the teaching mode of "theory → practice → re-theory → re-practice", the class teaching of theory and the skill training were optimized, the three-dimensional practice platforms for teaching was constructed, meaning "class teaching → on-campus practice → social service". This teaching mode motivates the enthusiasm of teaching and learning, improves the teaching quality of , enhances the professional theoretical level as well as the clinical practice ability. Such teaching mode plays a positive role in the cultivation of talents of acupuncture-moxibustion and .

Effect of antiviral treatment on expression of programmed death 1 and programmed death ligand 1 on peripheral T lymphocytes in patients with chronic hepatitis C / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the changes in programmed death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on peripheral blood T lymphocytes of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) over the 24 weeks course of antiviral therapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four CHC patients administered 24 weeks of combination antiviral therapy with pegylated-interferon-alpha-2a (Peg-IFNa-2a) and ribavirin (RBV) were enrolled for study from the Nanjing Second Hospital between October 2008 and October 2011. Peripheral blood was collected before treatment initiation, at treatment weeks 4, 12 and 24, and post-treatment week 24 (to investigate sustained virologic response (SVR), and used to measure expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 on CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes by flow cytometry, load of serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and level of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) by auto-biochemical analyzer. Intergroup differences were analyzed by the two-sample t-test, and the significance of differences between pre- and post-treatment measurements was determined by one-way or two-way repeated measurements analysis of variance tests.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At treatment week 4, 19 of the CHC patients were HCV RNA-negative. Among those patients the PD-1 expression on both T lymphocyte subsets showed a significant decrease from pre-treatment to post-treatment week 24 (CD4+: 18.6 +/- 6.1% vs. 10.3 +/- 7.7%, F = 12.406, P = 0.002; CD8+: 16.6 +/- 13.8% vs. 9.4 +/- 4.6%, F = 4.955, P = 0.039). However, the CD8+ lymphocyte subset showed significant increase in PD-L1 expression during treatment (pre-treatment: 17.5 +/- 13.7% vs. treatment week 4: 25.9 +/- 11.1%, F = 9.063, P less than 0.01; 12: 29.6 +/- 15.1%, F = 8.365, P less than 0.01; 24: 32.0 +/- 15.7%, F = 9.736, P less than 0.01). Among the five CHC patients showing HCV RNA-positivity at treatment week 4 there was only a significant difference observed in the increased expression of PD-L1 on CD8+ lymphocyte subset from pre-treatment to treatment week 24 (17.4 +/- 16.7% vs. 39.2 +/- 15.6%, F = 10.292, P = 0.033). Twenty of the CHC patients achieved SVR. among whom the PD-1 expression was significantly decreased during treatment on the CD4+ lymphocyte subset (pre-treatment: 20.2 +/- 7.5% vs. treatment week 4: 14.4 +/- 7.5%, F = 6.133, P less than 0.05; 12: 14.0 +/- 6.9%, F = 5.541, P less than 0.05; 24: 10.7 +/- 7.6%, F = 14.780, P less than 0.05) and on the CD8+ lymphocyte subset (pre-treatment: 16.8 +/- 13.4% vs. treatment week 12: 10.2 +/- 4.6%, F = 4.964, P less than 0.05; 24: 10.1 +/- 4.9%, F = 4.613, P less than 0.05). Additionally, the PD-L1 expression was significantly increased during treatment on the CD8+ lymphocyte subset (pre-treatment: 19.0 +/- 14.5% vs. treatment week 12: 30.8 +/- 16.6%, F = 6.442, P = 0.020; 24: 35.2 +/- 16.5%, F = 12.349, P = 0.002). Among the four CHC patients who relapsed there were no significant differences observed in the expressions of PD-1 or PD-L1 on the CD4+ or CD8+ T lymphocytes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The standard Peg-IFNa-2a + RBV combination antiviral therapy reduces PD-1 expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and increases PD-L1 expression on CD8+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood. The clinical outcome of CHC patients may be related to the antiviral therapy-induced changes in expressions of PD-1 and PD-L1 on T lymphocytes.</p>

Migraine without aura treated by comprehensive auricular acupuncture: a multicentral controlled study / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess objectively the efficacy of migraine without aura treated by comprehensive auricular acupuncture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninty patients of migraine without aura from three centers were selected as the observation subjects. Thirty cases from each center were treated with the comprehensive auricular acupuncture. This therapy included the retroauricular venous bleeding on the ears, the autologous blood injection at Fengchi (GB 20) and Yanglingquan (GB 34) and bleeding at the Nie (temporal), Zhen (occiput), Yidan (pancreas), Shenmen, Pizhixia (subcortex) and Neifenmi (endocrine) of auricular point. The therapy was applied once every 7-10 days. The continuous 3 treatments made one session.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At the end of one session for the patients in three centers, the headache scores were reduced apparently as compared with those before treatment (all P< 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in comparison among three centers (all P>0.05). The clinical total effective rates were 93.3% (28/30), 90.0% (27/30) and 93.3% (28/30) in three centers separately. There was no obvious difference in the efficacy in comparison among three centers (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The comprehensive auricular acupuncture reduces apparently the headache score for migraine without aura and relieves the clinical symptoms of migraine. It is the simple and effective therapy for migraine without aura.</p>